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Crayon is a French word that means pencil. In art, a crayon is a stick made of colored wax, chalk, charcoal, or clay used for drawing and coloring. Crayons are typically made from paraffin wax, which is derived from petroleum, coal, or wood. Types of crayons include wax crayons, pastel crayons, and oil pastels.

India ink is a medium made from fine soot, known as lampblack, combined with water and a binder, usually shellac, to create a black, waterproof ink. It has been used in India since the 4th century BC. Artists use India ink for writing, drawing, and painting due to its deep black color and permanence.

ZERO was an art movement founded by Otto Piene and Heinz Mack, aiming to develop into a large international and cross-border movement. The name ZERO originated from a magazine founded by Heinz Mack in 1957, which became a platform for the group's ideas. The magazine was published for several years before ceasing in 1967. The ZERO movement sought to create a new beginning in art, emphasizing light, space, and movement, and became influential in post-war European art.