Sam Francis

Untitled, 1984

106.7 X 73 inch

What is an Artist Proof?

What is an Artist Proof?

An artist proof traditionally refers to a print impression taken during the printing process to evaluate the current state of the artwork as the artist works on the plate. These proofs often show incomplete images and are sometimes called trial impressions or working proofs. However, in modern practice, an artist proof typically refers to an impression of the finished work that is identical to the numbered edition copies but is set aside for the artist's personal use. Artist proofs are usually marked A.P. and may be considered more valuable by collectors due to their limited availability.

Postmodernism

Postmodernism is an art movement that emerged as a reaction against authority and traditional boundaries, seeking to blur the lines between art and everyday life. It aimed to bridge the gap between the cultural elite and the general public by embracing eclectic mixtures of earlier conventions and styles. Postmodernist art often challenges established norms and celebrates diversity, irony, and pastiche, making it a movement that reflects the complexities of contemporary culture.

Nouveau Realism

Nouveau Réalisme is an artistic movement founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany and painter Yves Klein during a collective exhibition at a gallery in Milan. Restany wrote the original manifesto in April 1960, proclaiming the movement. In October of that year, nine artists, including Martial Raysse, Yves Klein, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, Arman, Pierre Restany, and three Ultra-Lettrists—Jacques de la Villeglé, François Dufrêne, and Raymond Hains—signed the declaration. In 1961, the movement expanded to include Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint Phalle, Gérard Deschamps, and César. The movement emphasized a return to reality in art, often incorporating everyday objects and exploring the boundaries between art and life.

Bronze

Bronze is a metal alloy made primarily of copper and tin, with a typical modern composition of 88% copper and 12% tin. Over time, bronze develops a patina, a surface color that often turns deep green due to oxidation. Large bronze objects, such as sculptures, are typically made in foundries. Bronze is valued for its durability and has been widely used throughout history for art, tools, and weapons.

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