
What is patina?
Patina is the distinctive greenish surface that bronze develops over time due to exposure to air and humidity. Artists can also apply chemicals to bronze to artificially create patina. Alternatively, bronze can be polished to reveal its natural rich gold color. Patina is not exclusive to bronze; it can also occur on other metals like copper and even on wood and stone, enhancing the material's character over time.
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Sand consists of loose grains of material primarily made up of minerals like quartz, mica, and feldspar, as well as small fragments of rocks. Sand paintings are created by pouring colored sand into intricate designs, often for cultural rituals or special celebrations. These designs can take many days to complete and are traditionally brushed away after the ceremony, emphasizing the impermanence of the artwork.

Anti-Art refers to artwork that challenges traditional definitions of art. The term is often attributed to artist Marcel Duchamp, who pioneered the use of readymades—everyday objects presented as art. These works defied conventional expectations that art should adhere to traditional or high art standards.
