
What is Charcoal?
Charcoal is made from charred wood and is used in both initial sketches and finished drawings. It can be easily smudged or erased, making it versatile for corrections. To make charcoal drawings permanent, a fixative like resin or gum is required. It’s especially useful for sketching first ideas on walls or canvas.
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A watermark is an image or pattern embedded into a sheet of paper during the papermaking process. Each papermaker includes a faint trademark, which becomes visible when the paper is held up to a light source. Watermarks serve as a mark of authenticity and are used for identification, often carrying historical significance in determining the origin and age of the paper.

The Düsseldorf School of Photography refers to a group of photographers who studied under Bernd and Hilla Becher at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf during the 1970s. This group was known for its devotion to the black-and-white industrial images characteristic of the German tradition known as New Objectivity. The photographers focused on precise, methodical documentation of industrial structures, often using a detached and objective approach.
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